Baby Care

Posts Tagged ‘children’

You can find everything in women handbags … It’s amazing how women manage to fit it all there and above all – at the right time to quickly find the right thing? Contents of bags can sometimes tell a lot about its owner: character, likes and dislikes and where she works. But if you find certain items, documents and pills you’ll guess, that this woman is going to become a mother.

Your documents?

Before being pregnant you had no documents in your purse, but now you must carry them with you. First and foremost it is the passport and medical insurances. After visiting various medical facilities you will need them quite often, and without these documents even simple maintenance inspection, treatment and testing can be very problematic.

Future mother needs another very important document; it is practically a secondpassport – pregnancy card. In general this card is given by the doctor in the maternity clinic at the end of the second trimester of pregnancy, but no later than 32 weeks. This includes all the data on pregnancy, experiences of illness, the results of tests and surveys, as well as other important information. Future mothers should always carry it with them. If at the time of hospitalization you won’t have it with you, then you automatically find yourself at risk, and therefore you have to give birth in the infectious disease ward of a maternity home or infectious disease hospital. After all, doctors have no data about your health, which means that you have a potential risk of infectious contamination to other maternal and newborn. But the most important thing is not to exchange cards as in this case in the first place you’ll put yourself and your baby at risk, because the doctor uses the vital information about you – the blood group, possible allergic reactions, chronic diseases, etc. That’s why you should care and gently apply to this document, each time you visit prenatal, bring pregnancy card to your doctor to make the new data and, of course, always carry it with you.

At the pharmacy
If you are undergoing a treatment, do not forget to put in your bag pills appointed by your doctor. If you are faced with such unpleasant forms of pregnancy such as toxemia heartburn, be sure to keep close at hand the means by which you can alleviate their condition.

Remember any change in your health during pregnancy – is an occasion to refer to a doctor.

Try also to have crackers, nuts, apples, dried fruit, mint candy – light snacks, along with mint chewing gum in many ways helps to cope with bouts of nausea. If you are still unable to prevent vomiting (especially occurs when the long trip to a stuffy transport), the practical future mother must have a special plastic bag.

While leaving the house, take with you a small bottle of water, so at any time, you can easily quench your thirst or drink the medicine, sprinkle the face and neck, if you felt sick, stuffy or hot. By the way, you can freshen up, dispersing on the skin moisturizing spray with thermal water (sold in pharmacies). Unlike ordinary water, this water is “alive”: it is collected from the natural hot springs, rich in mineral salts and trace elements. Spray not only quickly gives a feeling of comfort, but also takes care for the skin, relieves dryness, swelling and irritation (exactly what you want future mothers need). It absorbs quickly (no need to wipe off) and does not spoil the makeup (it can be safely applied to the powder and tonal cream). The balloon volume of 150-300 ml is convenient to carry and use on the road, in the clinic, walk or at work.

Lady’s “tricks”
Of course, in your purse there is a handkerchief or disposable paper napkins and wet wipes. “Sanitation minimum” can be supplemented with disposable coverings for the toilet. It’s no secret a pregnant woman often has to go to the toilet.

In future mother’s handbag there is a corner for cosmetics. Someone carries only a lipstick and powder-boxes, which is mostly used as a mirror, someone a palette of shadows and blush, mascara, creams, perfumes, etc. The main thing is that you are already beautiful being pregnant. But even if you do not use decorative cosmetics, you will probably need lip balm and hand cream, especially in windy weather. Do not interfere with a small bottle of deodorant (be careful with the scents) and a hairbrush.

Some useful trifles…
Place a notebook and pen in the bag. Now you do not need to keep in mind a shopping list.

In the shopping trip (especially to the markets) you can take a calculator. By the way, it is good always to have an “emergency reserve” of money on taxis.

And of course, all expectant mothers carry in their handbags a magazine or a book related to pregnancy, childbirth, children.

Future mother often hears chilling stories about the entwining of child’s umbilical cord. What is it? Is it dangerous? How to avoid it? Is it possible to identify this pathology in advance? You can find answers to these questions in our article.

What is it?

In 14 th week of pregnancy, the placenta and the umbilical cord are finally formed. This is a structure that carries out the function of exchanging between a mother and a child. After birth, when cutting the umbilical cord, the child begins to live independently, and only navel recalls his close relationship with his mother.

Umbilical cord is a long “rope” (from 40 to 60 cm and a thickness of 2 cm), consisting of connective tissue, inside which there is an umbilical vein and two arteries. Single umbilical vein, leaving the placenta, enters the abdominal cavity of the fetus through the umbilical ring and carries oxygenated blood, nutrients and drugs that have passed the placental barrier. The blood of waste products of the baby enters the artery and then through the placenta – the mother’s body. In case of the length of vessels (usually this depends on the genes), we can face the problem of “long cord” (70 cm), one of the complications of the fetus and the formation of knots to overgrow.

Why the entwining of umbilical cord happens?

Myths:

Among pregnant women there is a belief: during pregnancy they mustn’t knit or weave, it is fraught with the umbilical cord entwine around the neck of the fetus. This belief emerged long ago, when the birth was taken by midwives. Women in those days were busy mainly with handicrafts: sewing, weaving lace knitting. Children with entwined umbilical cord around the neck were often dying – mostly due to the lack of proper experience of midwives. So only knitting was to be blamed. In fact, knitting is a great way to calm nerves, and simultaneously prepare nice and warm “clothes” for a future baby.

During pregnancy, women often hear that raising arms can lead to entwining of the umbilical cord around the body of the child. The same is said about the active gym. In fact, you should know that raising hands for a short period of time is not dangerous for your baby as well as correctly selected gymnastic complexes.

Reality:

At present, predisposing factors are the intrauterine fetal hypoxia (oxygen deficiency), mother’s frequent stress (elevated levels of adrenaline in the blood), which leads to excessive mobility of the child, and the presence of polyhydramnios gives him/her the ability to perform a greater range of motion. Therefore, future mothers should not be alarmed if their baby’s umbilical cord is entwined. The most important aspect of this problem is the child’s condition – he/she suffers from hypoxia or not.

How to recognize the existence of entwined cord?

Diagnostic algorithm for establishing entwined cord is as follows. First pregnancy, fetal CTG study, during which the likely symptoms of umbilical cord entwining are identified: in this case reveals the characteristic shape of the curve CTG with periodic deceleration of heart rate during movements of the fetus. Using only this method it is already possible to identify signs of hypoxia. Next, the ECG investigation – ultrasound (in many hospitals there is ultrasound without CTG). This manipulation is informative already in the second trimester. The most accurate method in the study of utero-placental and fetus-placental blood flow is Doppler – definition of mathematical indices of blood flow (the speed, etc.). If you suspect the hypoxia problem in a health of a fetus, all these studies should be repeated for several times, as the baby constantly moves before birth and the entwining can disappear.

How the entwining of the umbilical cord can affect the childbirth?

Entwining of the umbilical cord can be single and multiple, loose and tight, isolated and combined (around the neck and limbs of the fetus). The most common kind of entwine is isolated, single, loose entwining around the neck of the baby, that usually does not pose danger to it.

If entwined cord at the time of birth is confirmed, depending on its type, an obstetrician-gynecologist chooses the optimal tactics for giving a birth to the child. The heartbeat of the fetus is monitored on average every half hour during labor and after each attempt. If the heart rate of the baby does not correspond to normal, the doctor may apply stimulation to speed up birth. Immediately after birth the head obstetrician relieves neck of the loop cord, thus preventing its strong tension and disturbance of blood flow through it.

Only a dual or multiple entwining of the umbilical cord van be hazardous. Such case during pregnancy is considered to be a sign of a fetal hypoxia. In case of a tight entwining and the emergence of shortening of the umbilical cord during the second stage of labor there is tension, narrowing the vascular lumen, leading to a sharp decrease in blood supply to the tissues of the Child (acute hypoxia and asphyxia). Also, the tension of the umbilical cord during birth is fraught with premature detachment of the placenta. Therefore, the period after 37 weeks in the presence of such entwine often produce elective caesarean section, and if the fetus is the menacing advance of that date, the operation can be done earlier.

Is it possible to avoid the entwining of the umbilical cord?

In order to avoid this complication, future mother is recommended to minimize stressful situations, often to be in the open air, do gymnastics and do not forget about breathing exercises. All these aim to ensure that the child will not have lack of oxygen, ie hypoxia, which causes increased motor activity of the fetus. In addition, you must promptly and accurately implement all the doctor appointments, take the survey – this will allow to suspect a problem and to prevent undesirable consequences.

So, your child is already 1 year old. Every day, he/she requires more and more attention, and he/she can not be left alone in the company of a musical rug. So what he/she needs?

Toys for 1-2 year-old children
First you need to revise the arsenal of toys that are already available at home. It is necessary to remove those toys with which the baby does not play quite as well as those which are already not suitable for his/her age. Do not be afraid to do it, because you always have the opportunity to get them, believe me, the child often perceives them as entirely new.
Now let’s talk about those children toys, which should be purchased. For convenience, we have combined toys into groups by type of activity.

Handling objects
You have probably noticed yourself that after 1 year your child has become much more self-sufficient: he/she learns to use everyday objects, manipulating them in every way, trying to imitate adults. Therefore, to maintain and develop those skills they need such toys, which are small-scale analogues of real objects:
- Children cooking utensils, clothing, combs;
- Toy food;
- Dolls;
- Shovels, rakes, watering cans, fishing rods;
- A toy phone, bag or backpack.
While playing with these toys, the child learns not only to manipulate them, but also develops the skills of using them.

Visual-effective thinking
A child learns through visual-efficient thinking that is, using his/her hands. Therefore, for the development of this field the toys for children should be of different sizes and shapes that have common features. While playing with these toys, the child learns to compare their size and color, resulting in a presentation to the properties of objects. These include:
- Pyramid;
- Cubes (including soft);
- Mosaics;
- Nesting dolls.
We draw your attention to the fact that these toys should be diverse in color, shape and size. For example, if your child likes to collect a pyramid, buy him/her plastic and wooden, small and large ones.

Cognitive Activity
As you know, a child by nature is very, very inquisitive. Offer him/her toys that encourage experimentation and self-discovery.
- Boxes and jars with a secret;
- Small bowls.
Again, we note that the boxes, jars and molds should be of different sizes, colors and shapes.

Language development
Language development takes place in the process of direct communication with older child, so you need to stock up various toys and materials that encourage this communication. For exaple:
- Pictures of animals;
- Figures of animals;
- Audio recordings of children songs and poems;
- Slides (as a harmless alternative to cartoons).

Creativity and perception
For the development of creative abilities of the child he/she needs such toys as:
- Pens, pencils, paint;
- Clay;
- A set of colored paper (for applications).
By using these materials, the child will develop creativity and create the concept of colors (paint) and forms (clay).

Musical toys are designed to develop the perception of ambient sounds. These include:

- Rattles, whistles;
- Children’s musical instruments (maracas, tambourine, drum, xylophone).
Note that you should not pay much attention to electronic musical toys, because they produce sounds which do not contribute to the development of musical perception in due measure.

Physical development
Physical development plays a very important role in the overall development of the young child. For this we offer the following toys:
- Balls of different sizes (ball game);
- Mats with various surfaces;
- Slides, ladders.

Conclusions
So, we have listed the toys that a 1-2 year-old child needs for the harmonious development of all spheres of his/her activities. Of course, we encourage you to buy all these toys but do not guarantee the results. Returning to the beginning of this article, we’d like to say that a child should play and communicate, and toys are only the helpers in this game.

Here is plasticine! Some parents think that it is very “dangerous” for home furniture: sticks to everything and leaves a greasy stain, as well as the fact that a child can simply swallow it. We hasten to reassure: plasticine is an excellent material for creative work, you just need to learn how to use it.

What to build from plasticine?
Building and designing is a very important lesson for a child who develops the creativity of hand movements, spatial thinking, the concept of color, shape of objects. In addition, modeling (not necessarily from plasticine) has beneficial effect on the nervous system. In general, the benefits of modeling studies are enormous.

What kind of plasticine is better to choose?
You should choose high quality plasticine; it should be neither too hard nor too soft and stretchy. If it sticks to your hands, it will be difficult to work with it. And if it’s too hard, the children find it difficult to stretch, and parts can fall apart.
Young children in any case should not be given plasticine with a fruit odor. If the yellow clay smells like lemon, orange – orange, and red one – strawberries, then the child will not model, but lick it, but it’s not what we want him to teach.
How to start plasticine building
First, remember that during teaching you have to be near the child, not only as a “guard” (to avoid eating it), but also as a designer (to model yourself, together with the child).
Secondly, do not overdo it with the complexity of tasks for your child; do not ask him/her too much. Remember that child is only familiar with the properties of plasticine, studying them and experimenting with methods of modeling.

What can a two year-old baby do with a plasticine?

• pinch off a piece of plasticine;
• flatten plasticine throughout the palm;
• poke a finger in rolled out layer;
• roll out of it “sausages”;
• a ball that the mother rolls, а little finger to make tortillas.
• cleave it to the paper or table;
• roll large balls of palms;
• cut “sausages”.

These actions are а basis of building classes. Develop these skills, expand and improve them.

How and what to design with your baby?

Select Color
Start by selecting the color of plasticine: suggest baby to choose, for example, from two colors (you should not just offer the whole box of clay). Do not select yourself – your preferences may strongly disagree.

Warming up
When color is selected, you can not expect that the baby will start to model something. First of all, each of you “train” a little bit and then start modeling.

Main activities
Show your child how to knead the plasticine, nip off a piece for him/her and make a cake … In general, follow the basic steps described above. For the first class execution, a simple manipulation will be enough to interest the child.

”Sausages” and balls
Rolling “sausages” and balls from plasticine: two palms and one palm on a piece of cardboard or paper. The “sausage” can turn into a ring or a snake. Small balls could crush fingers.

Imprints
One of the most fascinating lessons for kids is making imprints on plasticine. You roll a flat cake of plasticine, and the baby pokes him in every way possible (or rather all that you offer him): a toy fork cap from the pen, his own finger, a spoon.

Modeling
Suggest your child to stick plasticine to a cup or any other capacity, which you can then decorate with beads or any other material – get a great bowl. For younger kids you can cut out a pattern of different figures and stick them on plasticine.

Plasticine and other materials
In plasticine modeling you can (and should!) use other materials: peas, beans, buckwheat, pasta of different shapes and colors, buttons, etc.
Roll out a cake from plasticine and ask the child to cleave small objects to them. Make sure that all these remarkable objects were placed on the plasticine, but not in his/her mouth.

Why do modern children play? And anyway, do they need to do this? Here’s how today’s parents are responsible for these issues.

Playing in facts and numbers

”If you have a chance to play or be occupied with your child what will you prefer?”

18% of mothers and fathers prefer “playing”. Why? Because:

Child is interested in it – 10%

Child likes that – 8%

82% of parents prefer “being occupied” with their children. As:

It is necessary – 62%

It is interesting for me – 13%

Child asks – 7%.

Concluding the sentence, ”If my child, in five – seven years, will play a significant part of the day, then …”, parents have expressed such views:

They will have problems at school / they won’t be able to compete with their peers – 46%
If the games are educational, you can study and play at the same time – 18%

Child will study in the evening – 17%

I will be satisfied – 15%.

So, the game, according to the parents, is nice, but not the most necessary thing that must deal with every self-respecting child of preschool age. Parents must prepare their child for the upcoming adult life.

What, then, according to the parents, do they need to teach their children?

To be independent – 61%.

Obtain good-paying jobs – 53%

Be prepared for difficulties – 32%.

Making their own decisions – 22%.

Mom, play with me!

However, modern parents have difficulties to play with dolls or to drive cars around the room. They prefer “developing” games, because it requires them to lower the emotional effort. Fortunately, special educational games are invented now. But the problem is that this is not a game that your baby needs now. Of course, playing logic games is a very worthy and useful occupation, but they develop only one side of its personality. These studies in no case should not be a substitute for conventional well-known children games. Moreover, they give you a unique opportunity to see the world through the eyes of a child, taught him/her his/her system of values.

Mothers and Daughters

This name is a bit tentative. Not necessarily to play “Mothers and Daughters”, although the classical model of the family is very important – while playing children (by the way, not only girls but also boys) learn to build family roles. But in such games, kids determine not only their place (and, incidentally, a place of their parents) in the family, but also try a variety of social functions, professions, even social positions.

If your child is 2-3 years old, the basic functions of you should take the boss on you. The younger the child, the easier should be the doll. Show your child the toy, study it together, what she wears, what eyes, hands she has, etc. Be sure to name the toy. Now try to play a little scene from your own life – how you feed your baby, put him/her to bed or go for a walk. To begin with a scenario will be sufficient. Even if you don’t have any acting skills, try to “enter into the image” – change the tone and timbre of your voice, when you talk in the places of different characters.

Here you’ll need many useful accessories – a table and chair, to feed the doll, a toy bath, to bathe it, a carriage, in which it can be carried, etc.

By the way let’s about accessories. If you have not looked into the “Children’s world” in the department of dolls and doll economy yet, you’ll have a shock. Modern industry seems to have decided to recreate in miniature adult life to the last detail. You can, for example, find a toy kitchen unit with a “brand” inscription, operating electric vacuum cleaner and a plastic grilled chicken.

They are rather expensive and initially cause a tear of grudging affection – ah, if we could have such things in our childhood! But in fact, children do not need such detailed toys. Moreover, it is not useful. They close the road of fantasy and imagination. After all, only in childhood, the same stick can be a spoon, a pen, a mobile phone. This use of objects is common among children older than three years which shows that their development is on the right path.

Hide and seek

Our ancestors, from whom we inherited these games were not stupid. In this way they taught their children cope with fears of darkness and confined spaces.

All the children love to play hide and seek. Nothing can compare with joy when a child discovers the beloved parent, strung on the beck and call of the curtain or curled up in a three-destruction in the wardrobe. And by the way, this love is not accidental. After all, hide and seek helps to cope with the feeling of loneliness. And during the game he/she should some time be completely alone, even in a secret, secluded place. If your child is afraid of darkness you can turn off or even extinguish the light in one room during the game. Turning off the light, loudly say that you are there, then your son or daughter will just not go there. And hide in a dark room yourselves.

They do not only learn playing games, they live in it. And if your task is to show him/her real life, it is easier to do it with the help of the game. Do not be afraid of “simple” games – they have a profound meaning.

Nowadays, most children have their own rooms, and parents have to worry about its design. Child’s own room is a personal world, where the most important and interesting events in his/her life will take place. That is why parents should wisely come to the decision which design to choose for their child’s room. Due to its multifunctionality, there are many factors influencing the
child’s room comfort. However, there are some general rules that should be taken into account, when designing the child’s room. First, you need to arrange a warm, bright and comfortable atmosphere in the nursery. It is desirable that the room is located on the sunny side. There should not be extra furniture – mobile; and restless children need more space, the room with a small number of things is easy to keep clean and tidy. Choose multipurpose and mobile furniture. After all, with age, in order to meet the growing needs of the child, you should replace it with new one.

Design for little ones

Cot, playpen, high chair, chest of drawers for different clothes, table – this is a typical set of furniture which kids need. But the child’s room should have environmental safety. Do not buy furniture made from fiberboard, low-quality plastics and other materials that may contain allergens and carcinogens such as formaldehyde and phenol. It is important to remember that furniture should consist of materials that have passed the required certification. If you have small apartment, mobile and functional furniture is just for you, for example: folding commode. There is also a convertible type of furniture. Having bought it once, you can use it for a long time, up to ten years without replacement. Chairs of this type can be adjusted by a child of any age.

The child’s room should be made in pastel colors, but you can also add several expressive elements to the room. Do not place in the room anything which can cause allergy. For example, it is better not to hang thick curtains in the room, because they collect dust. The same applies to carpets. Light curtains will be more appropriate. Moreover, they are easily removed and washed from the dust, which reduces the risk of lung disease. Lighting should be bright enough, and its source should not collect dust. A good idea can be a system of major and local luminaries – a beautiful lamp with a lampshade on the ceiling and a number of additional lighting, such as lamp, sconces or floor lamps. The climate in the children’s room has a significant impact on the health of the child. It is important to create a balanced atmosphere in the room, for example, if the room is often cold, you should place a heater, and in dry and hot room it is recommended to install a humidifier. If you want to add comfort in the design of the child’s room with attributes such as cushions or soft toys, let them be made from natural and high quality materials.

Room for preschoolers

When the child grows both you and he/she understand the benefit of a separate children’s room. Kid gets an opportunity to play alone and relax from the other family members. But you need to change the furniture in accordance with the age of the child. You should buy a new bed (it can be a sofa or bed), new chairs and tables, shelves, chest of drawers for toys. It should be noticed that the furniture must be safe, stable, and without sharp edges and with all the necessary certification. We know that children of this age are fond of playing games. So the room can be divided into two zones: for games, sleep and rest. If your child spends a lot of time on games, you need to give much space for this. The most common version is arranging the furniture along the walls of the room, and the game zone is concentrated in the center of the nursery. You can also use another approach – the separation of the room in half. In that case, gaming area is better positioned in the lighter half, with a window, and sleeping area will be the remainder. For a more precise differentiation of the game zone, you can identify it with furniture which falls under the “game” category: table, chairs, shelves for toys. A bed and a wardrobe will be a recreation area. The colors also play an important role. Do not paint the ceiling in dark colors. It depresses adults, so judge yourself.

In any case, when designing the child’s room it is important to take into account the wishes of the child. After all, his/her mood can affect practically any designing element, let it be a carpet, on which it plays, or curtains, which he/she sees rising from the bed, or favorite toys and books.

Today, many parents show great interest in the wide possibilities of early musical development of the child. When can you begin to introduce music to your child? How to choose musical games and exercises? Here you can find answers to these questions.

EARLY MUSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD
In the development of children’s musical abilities the first years of life are particularly important. The earlier you’ll start working on the development of musical abilities of the child, the better the results will be. In each period of the development of babies, they are especially sensitive to external influences, including – music. These so-called sensitive periods are from 1,5 to 3 years. The most important thing is to awaken the senses, because the child perceives and knows the world around him/her with the help of senses. It is important to remember that the overall mental development of children is related to this period, primarily with the development of senses.
Among the various means of influencing the feelings of the child, one of the most effective is the musical art. Even at the time when the baby is in its mother’s belly it begins to perceive music. From the first days of musical art the child tries to imitate the sounds of her mother’s speech echoes the height of her voice. A game with rattles – is not the rhythmic development of the child, the experience of the first children’s perception of noise instruments!

EARLY MUSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD: THE IDENTIFICATION OF TALENT
So it is clear that early musical development serves primarily to the task of the overall development of the child during this period – the development of the senses. Replying to a question, how an early musical development should be, let us first of all clarify what we mean by the very notion of “musical development”. Musical development – is an ongoing process of certain qualitative changes in musical abilities of a man. The most important criterion of musicality is an emotional response to music.

Of course, the impetus for the development of skills, including music, is the identification and development of thedeposits. Music lessons should be filled with active forms of propulsion, full of emotion and create a nice atmosphere. Such exercises should support the development of fantasy and imagination, emotional and sensual spheres of the baby. It turns out that the general and musical ability develop in a holistic relationship.
Early musical development is primarily associated with the formation of sensory abilities, i.e. ability to distinguish pitch (high – low), timbre ( “voice” of children’s musical instruments), dynamics (loud – quiet), tempo (fast – slow), as well as the beginning of the formation of musical thinking and musical memory.
In addition, the child just begins to learn listening to music. Therefore, developing the musical thinking, we form the ability to hear the character, the mood of music. Note that systematic training just involves the systematic development of the child.
All of these components must be present in class. Above all, we start with the emotional and sensory impressions of what he heard, then – go to the approbation of various types of activities: echoic exercises of accompanying, music-making, active games. And only then on the basis of accumulated experience and sensory, motor experience, we, along with the baby, can improvise. I would like to clarify that the planning and conducting of such exercises must be systematic and consistent. Parent or teacher should clearly represent the final result, which directed lessons on musical development.

EARLY MUSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD: specifics of the lessons
Each lesson of the early musical development of the child should include all the mentioned types of musical activities that are realized in active music-didactic games. In the classroom should be a reasonable combination of vocal, musical-rhythmic, musical and visual exercises. We should not forget that the transition from one to another component of the musical work should be implemented step by step, gradually complicating the task. Of course, that active consideration at this age is given to the development of small and large skills. Therefore, a necessary component of each exercise should be finger games and music and rhythmic exercises, conducted under the music.
Now let’s clarify some features of music lessons for children. Vocal development in early childhood is closely connected with the phonemic, so at the start of singing exercises, begin with the elements of onomatopoeia (e.g., syllables, representing “singing” animals – “wow”, “meow”). Then we turn to imitate voices of the teacher or parent and singing certain syllables, words in the song.
In the development of a sense of rhythm we recommend starting with a game of rhythmic exercises, where, while repeating the words of the poem, the children perform certain movements. Then perform the same movements, but together with the music. This should ensure clarity and consistency of movements, the coincidence with the pulse of musical creation.
Developing musical sensory abilities of the child, we stress its perception in bright contrast between sound (loud – quiet, high – low, fast – slow), not forgetting the sound relationship with the visual images and pictures.
Projected results of early musical development of the child may be as follows: the 3-year-old baby:
- Emotionally reacts and recognizes familiar melodies;
- Is able to distinguish between contrasting features of sound (high – low, loud – quiet, fast – slow);
- Together with the teacher echoes musical phrases from the song;
- Moves in accordance with the nature of music;
- Performs sound motion: tapping feet, clapping her hands;
- Distinguishes between calls and music instruments: rattles, tambourine, bell, etc.
We wish you a vivid, emotional discovery in a magical world of sounds with your child!

Lullaby is probably the only part of folklore, which has survived to our days, and continues to develop. For many centuries lullabies accompany our children to their sweet dreams, and, despite technological advances, do not lose their significance. Nobody has ever even tried to replace them. Why lullabies are so popular? And why they are irreplaceable?

Why do babies need lullabies?
Lullabies are needed for children of all ages. Their first task is to reassure the child and set him/her on a strong healthy sleep.
Melodic, simple, quiet – lullabies like both small babies, and their parents. In many families, lullabies are traditional conclusion of the day, the ritual, and they cannot do without it.
This is the child’s first contact with the art, and it is very important. A child hears it, learns to perceive both normal conversation and song. He/she gets accustomed to his/her mother, remembers the melody and learns it. Later he/she begins to distinguish the words and repeats them. Small children like to sing lullabies to their dolls, and even parents.
Lullabies help to establish a strong link between a child and his parents. At the time of going to bed a close contact between mother and child is required. The kid must feel that he/she is not alone helping him/her to relax from daily cares. These simple songs help to show sincere feelings.
From their infancy, people remember the voice of their mother. Lullabies are songs which are written using the notes of pure love and collect them in tenderness harmony. Something magical is store in a lullaby melody. It comforts, soothes, makes forget about the pain and helps to sleep.
When a child is very small, that is, it is still in its infancy, he/she gets accustomed to a certain voice that will serve him/her for a sign or a symbol of security and peace.
Then, when your child will grow up a little, he/she still loves and responds to the native voice.
Lullabies are an excellent alternative to other means of calming the child. Instead shaking and long conversations, this gives a much better result.

Why lullabies are better?
Of course, now there are many inventions to replace live lullaby. There are singing toys, CDs and just the TV. Some parents have resorted to such assistants, believing that these songs are no worse than traditional lullabies.
Other parents cite the fact that absolutely can not sing and do not want their child to be accustomed to the fake songs.
But it is important who does it.
No toy or tape recorder can replace the love of a child with which his/her mother hugs him/her

before going to bed, singing even the simplest motifs.
It doesn’t matter what lullaby you sing (you can even create your own version). Your presence and

care is much more important.
The toy or a TV can be brighter and more interesting than your songs, but the child always prefers to sleep in your presence than to listen to a monotonous grumbling of the unfeeling box.

Are lullabies only for mothers?

Traditionally, lullabies are sung by women – mothers and grandmothers. But now fathers also try to sing. The childshould feel the love of both parents, so it is not surprising that, over time your child may require to sing for him/her father or even grandfather.
Men prefer the traditional lullaby songs from cartoons, or even compose their own songs, and it is not worse than those songs that Mothers sing.
If you are unsure whether it was lullaby to your child, just try to sing it at least a week. Kids like this way of lying in the cot if only you’re close to them, regardless of the quality of performance. Despite the achievement of the industry of toys, mankind did not invent a better way to put the child to sleep.

The problem of choosing shoes for your child, as a rule, becomes urgent after the first 6 months of his/her life.
Therefore, children’s shoes can be roughly divided into two main categories: for children who haven’t started walking yet, and for those who have already made the first steps. Of course, shoes for each of the periods are somewhat different. But there are some general requirements you should consider when you buy shoes for children:

1. The sole of shoes must be strong, uneven and elastic. Take the shoes in hands and bend it several times. If the sole is made from cardboard then it’s not worth buying these shoes. Generally, small children need a small heel for walking!

2. Try to choose for the child, especially in the early years of his/her life, boots with adhesive tape. Generally, shoes, fitted with a latch – buckles, lacing, pin, and even buttons are not convenient for the baby. Shoes with adhesive tape have undeniable advantages; your child can easily to learn to wear and remove his/her boots, shoes or sneakers.

3. Pay attention to the back part of the shoes – it should be thick. It is better if it is slightly thicker than other parts of shoes. This will provide enhanced protection for the feet of your baby.

4. Pay attention to the material from which the shoes are made.
The best for choice are natural materials – genuine leather, and fabrics. Check the material of the internal parts of shoes! The idea of genuine leather disappears, if they have synthetic insole!

Can you distinguish artificial leather? With modern technology manufacturing synthetic leather, and some artificial materials are not under the force of each manufacturer.

The easiest way to determine the material from which the footwear (footwear elements) is made is to look at a special sticker on the shoe with graphic signs. Such labels are mandatory for manufacturers and importers of footwear of the EU countries. Labels indicate what type of material is used in making soles, lining and top boots.

If the shoes do not have such labels, there are several ways that will help you to distinguish artificial leather, but some of them in connection with the development of new technologies have become obsolete. For example, it was thought that leather is the only material that does not burn, so the first aircraft cabins were covered with natural leather. But this method can not be used when buying shoes; in addition, modern artificial leather has many common features with genuine leather. There is a composition, which gives to artificial leather the smell of genuine leather.

Here are several methods of determining the genuine leather:

• When putting the shoes on the inner surface of the palm of your hand for about ten seconds, the leather gets warm and begins to warm your hands and give a nice warm feeling, while the artificial leather remains cold.

• The bended edge of the leather is more rounded, but the leathery has a bit flat edges, and usually natural leather is thicker than artificial leather.

• Press a part of the shoes with a finger. When pressing you will notice that small creases or wrinkles appear, and then these wrinkles disappear. This is a sure sign of genuine leather.

• Leather can be defined, if we look at its cross-section. Artificial leather tends to have a textile, or polyamide base. And finally, you can drop a usual water on the leather (if allowed when shopping). Genuine leather absorbs moisture and becomes darker, but artificial leather remains unchanged.

5. Pay attention to the manufacturer. But be careful as a well-known brand is not yet a guarantee that you bought a good pair of shoes. In addition, the well-known brands are often counterfeited.

6. Insoles can be normal, anatomic (in proper shoes), and orthopedic – with a large instep-raiser. The choice of instep-raiser , its presence or absence is determined by an orthopedic doctor. Anatomical shoes do not hurt any child.

There is no need to confuse the orthopedic and prophylactic shoes. Prevention or anatomic shoes take the form of the feet, and create comfort while walking. Orthopedic shoes are needed in order to cure a violation of the locomotor system or prevent its development. Manufacturers of anatomic shoes often call it an orthopedic. This orthopedic shoes are sewed by individual plaster molds.

I urge you not to save when buying shoes for children, especially for children who have problems with feet. And do not take second-hand shoes, as they already repeat the shape of their previous owner’s feet, and they will be inconvenient for your child.

Since the tests for pregnancy have yielded positive results, future parents, especially mothers, begin to look for glamorous clothes for their unborn children.
Clothing for newborns can be purchased in a set, which will likely have a blanket for baby. But as not all clothes are used equally often, it is better to save up and buy a few interchangeable things. Usually parents buy some jackets, sliders (pants with straps), bonnet (hats), and coveralls.
The clothes should be easily removed and dressed; the child should feel free in movements. It should be noted that babies badly own their own bodies, and will not be able to change position or show that the clothes are inconvenient.
The first clothes of the newborn should be very simple, without buttons and bows which are suitable for older children. It is necessary to draw attention to the choice of materials, color, and do not forget about the washing features of clothes.

Material

Newborn clothes should be made from good natural fabrics that are suitable for child’s gentle skin. For example, cashmere, cotton, linen. The most suitable material for kids is fine cotton jersey. It does not limit movements, as well as is hygienic. Rough, even natural materials (corduroy or denim) can rub the child’s skin.

Should the clothes be big?

Sometimes parents, wishing to save, buy bigger clothes, believing that the child will wear them longer. Of course, you need to cloth the child, so that clothing does not embarrass his/her movements, but at the same time they should not be too large, otherwise the baby can get out of it. In hot weather, he/she will feel comfortable in shorts and socks (which, unfortunately, most children quickly learn taking off). In cooler weather, the clothes can be warmer, as the parents seek a compromise between convenience for the movements and the number and thickness of clothing. Nowadays, there are a lot of new solutions and fabrics to clothe the child, which are not only warm but also convenient.

How to avoid wrong size?

Clothes for babies should be selected for its growth and age. In general, the clothes should have information about age and height. The average height of 3 to 6 month babies is 60-68 cm, 6 to 9 months is 68-74 cm, while 9 to 12 months is 74-80 cm.

Washing

When washing, machine or hand, parents always need to follow the instructions, and then all children’s belongings will maintain their color, shape and structure of the original fabric for a long time.
It is advisable not to use powders with biomaterials; they can irritate the skin of the child. Now there are a number of detergents and mitigations for children’s clothing, which do not cause allergies. Clothes should be well dried and pressed, only then it can be worn again.
Do not forget that babies in their first year of life quickly discolor their clothing. Decorative details make the process of washing, ironing clothes difficult, demanding much effort and care that is often burdensome for young mothers.

Details

Pockets are usually convenient, but for older children. Newborns have nothing to put in them. They can even have dangerous elements: beads, buttons that a child can tear off and swallow.

Psychology of color selection

When creating garments for babies designers take into account advice of doctors and psychologists. It’s usually recommended to choose clothes of delicate pastel shades. The combination of bright, saturated color is extremely harmful to the eyes and the nervous system of the newborn. Especially dangerous is the combination of red and white colors. Therefore, many designers of clothing for toddlers prefer cream-beige and coffee-sand tones.

Beginning from a year, parents already need to think about the development of the child’s taste. Therefore, you need to be even more attentive with a choice of color combinations of clothes for your baby.
Each weather has its clothes

When the room temperature is above 22 degrees the child may be in a thin cotton underwear. With each subsequent lowering of temperature by 2-3 degrees should be added a new layer of clothing.

Thus, with 21 degrees there should be a fine linen, and q lightweight cotton dress on your child. At 17-20 degrees – cotton linens, a thick flannel or a knitted dress with long sleeves, as well as wool socks. At 15-16 degrees put on a cotton underwear, a light cotton dress, or a semi-woolen suit with long sleeves, and woolen socks.