Baby Care

Posts Tagged ‘children’

It has long been proven that smoking is harmful to pregnant women, but nevertheless pregnant smokers are not uncommon. According to statistics 22% of women do not stop smoking during pregnancy.
It even turns out, that smoking before pregnancy may also cause damage.

Smoking threatens the conception
Smoking before pregnancy is also harmful and directly affects the reproductive function of not only women but also men.
In women-smokers often have irregular menstrual cycle, the ability to conceive and the duration of childbearing age is reduced.
In men, sperm production, its morphology and motility, as well as secretion of androgens are changed. Doctors say that smoking decreases the density of sperm and increases the concentration of sperm cells of abnormal shape and structure (“an increase in abnormal sperm morphology”).
Conception + smoking = congenital defects of children
During pregnancy, smoking causes birth defects of children, such as: cleft lip and palate bone, deformity of limbs, polycystic kidney disease, ventricular septal defect, deformation of the skull and so on. And even if the expectant mother stops smoking, the risk of birth of children with defects still remains, because smoking devastatingly affects the conception. So it is better to quit now!
How to quit smoking during pregnancy?
It turns out that nicotine is the chemical and physical dependence of the organism to a greater extent, rather than coffee or marijuana! But after learning about the pregnancy, to quit smoking is vital for your unborn child. During pregnancy, it is better to stop smoking without the use of pills and patches, since they also contain nicotine as in cigarettes. Recently, the most effective way is a book by Allen Kara “Easy Way to Stop Smoking”, letting to giv up smoking through self-correct mental attitude, without resorting to crutches like nicotine gum or patch. 90% read of the readers gave up smoking and did not begin within one year.

Each woman will sooner or later wonder at what age it is better to give birth. There are different opinions. Recently a trend has been noticed that women decide to become mothers after 30 years, having received a good education and a career. But, unfortunately, many of them do not know that conceiving after 30 years is much more problematic than at younger ages. This occurs because the supply of eggs from women is reduced, thereby reducing the likelihood of successful conception.
Ovum has its roots in the follicle, where a woman is given a laid still while the girls in the womb. Mortgaging follicles more than 5 million, and by the time of puberty, girls have still only 400 thousand. And just one hundredth of this number of follicles reaches full maturity and ovulates, giving life to the egg. After 35 years the number of follicles in the ovaries of women sharply decreases, and when their numbers fall to 1000, reaches a natural menopause.
Likelihood of pregnancy depends on the ability of the female body to conceive. The greatest chance of conception is for healthy women aged 20-25 years. This is the age scientists consider the best for the child’s birth. After 25 years the possibility of successful conception and reduced to forty years is only 5%. The main reasons for reducing the likelihood of conception is the age, genetic predisposition to premature depletion of ovarian disease ovaries.
Modern science has different methods of determining the reduction of the stock of follicles.
Conception can be made through IVF, but its effectiveness in such cases is about 20%. The second version of the problem – is the use of donor eggs. But such a step is very expensive, not every family is ready, to take a donor egg from a strange woman.
To avoid such problems, you should have children at a young age. A career and education will wait!

Pregnancy is one of the most serious tests in woman’s life, which she must overcome. It is divided into several main phases concerning the important changes in mother and baby.
Due to the fact that science has been noted and recorded major changes in the body of a pregnant woman, you can prepare for these phases in advance without future surprises. All this will benefit prospective parents, as well as help in planning pregnancy. You can prepare your and your child’s body to these changes in advance.
Of course, it is easier to identify and observe the changes taking place with the future mother. But it is much harder to detect any changes in the body of your baby. The calendar of pregnancy for each woman is strictly an individual process. But there are some general phases that occur in the life of every expectant mother.
The very first phase in this process is conception, which occurs during the first four weeks. Conception is the fertilization of female ova with male sperm. This is the starting point of pregnancy. Then within five to eight weeksbaby’s heart starts beating and arms and legs are already formed. Then baby begins to perform some motions. In the womb, this period begins in nine to twelve weeks. At this time the child is still quite tiny, and the mother can not immediately feel these movements. Upon reaching the thirteen-sixteen weeks mother already feels these motions performed by the child. Doctors at this stage can determine the sex of the child. Children even acquire bad habits – they can suck big finger. During the seventeenth to the twentieth week, the doctors can confidently tell you whom you will give birth – a boy or a girl, because at this stage are forming the genitals of the child and hair.
At the next phase of development the child becomes quite capable. Some fat appears which protects him/her against extreme temperatures. This process occurs within 21-24 weeks.
Then the organs of hearing are formed, he/she feels the external noise. This stage occurs at 25-28 weeks of development.
He/she feels the restriction in space and begins to move less, but starts kicking.
At the next phase begins to grow his/her head, he/she already moves eyes, and by the end of 32 weeks all organs except the lungs are formed. At the 33rd week, the child already blinks. And at the 40 th week finally the baby’s lungs are formed. Now he/she waits only for childbirth.
For women and men the calendar of pregnancy is a great opportunity to stay close to their baby throughout all phases of its development. This is an interesting, exciting occupation; the calendar of pregnancy will help them more clearly and properly to conduct themselves in each new stage of development of their baby. Do not throw it; it’s a real remarkable thing that belongs to your child. So it can become your family heirloom. When child grows up and becomes adult, probably he/she will be very interested in seeing his/her life’s path, starting from the source. Yes, and he/she himself/herself will need parent experience, when taking care about his/her children and family.

Most of the parents before the birth of their first child have no experience in raising children. When they are on their way to create a family way, a lot of questions on child-raising, and in general on this matter appear. When parents begin to understand that the child entirely depends on their care and attention, they are attacked by fear, because they are often not prepared to answer many questions concerning the child. This emotion can only be overcome after studying all that is necessary for the child in detail.
In the period up to four months takes place the child’s adaptation to the world. He/she almost always sleeps. Then he/she gradually starts waking up for a long time. This is the time when parents must be very sensitive to the child, because at this time he/she can not do without you. He/she needs help in everything. The more he/she grows up, the more he/she begins to show interest in the outside world. At this time the child starts crying, because it is the only signal that he/she is able to make in order to attract attention. He/she begins muttering and shaking hands. At this time, he/she learns rising head, playing with his/her hands and sucking fingers. Baby begins to show signs of pleasure, writhing body. He/she responds to loud sounds.
In the period up to eight months, the child begins to explore the world around him/her. He/she already feels when he/she is home. It is his/her territory and he/she likes to be there with mother and father. At this time, he/she begins to recognize and respond to their name. He starts holding objects with his/her hands, rising the head and chest. He/she can laugh and squeak. He/she understands the separation from parents.
From eight months to a year the child becomes more independent and physically strong. He/she crawls around, trying to explore all around, without missing anything. He/she is constantly sticking his/her head in various subjects. Now baby feels his mother and wants her always to be near. At this time the child already can: show the objects and voice the gestures to express emotions by crying, play happy games, creep, stand for a long time, hold objects in his/her hands, worry about the presence of strangers, eat with his/her hands and look for items that interest him/her.
From a half year child begins walking. At this time all the senses are already developed, only the sense of danger is a little behind. He/she starts walking literally everywhere, so it is required to be very careful. Child shows interest in other children, he/she wants to play with them. In this period of life, children are able to: pronounce some words, follow the instructions, dance, play with toys, climb stairs, etc.
From birth to 18 months takes place the most intensive growth of the child. During this time he/she learns many new things. This rich period of learning will never repeat in his/her life. At this period parents should provide the child with care and attention, as well as help him/her in discovering this world.

Is it better to give birth in the presence of my husband? Before giving birth to their children many future mothers ask this question.
On the one hand, of course, it’s good, when the closest person will support you in this crucial moment. And on the other –it’s bad, because man, seeing the whole process of childbirth, with all its details, sometimes loses sexual interest in his wife. What to do? Moreover, the viewpoints of doctors and friends on this subject are different.

Neighbors’ experience
In the West, the presence of a husband during childbirth is very common. Men play more active role in the upbringing of children there. Obviously, feminism, which struggles against gender equality in all matters, played its role here.
In the translated books on pregnancy and childcare, the illustrations of men are almost as much as of women. Here they go along with their wives on training courses where they learn appropriate behavior during childbirth, giving birth and then taking the maximum participation in everything that concerns the lives of the their wife and child.
However, practical foreigners include this situation in their marriage contract. Yes and medical care is something expensive there. So it should not be a miss if the father controls the situation: if obstetric services are shown to his wife on the entire sum. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the joint childbirth abroad having a very long history became a norm.

The choice
In Russia, the birth of the child is always considered to be purely feminine. Fathers toil and worry for their wives behind closed doors. In Soviet times, fathers were also not allowed to enter the maternity houses. And the first time they could look at son or daughter, only after discharge, receiving a squeak bag with ribbons. And only recently in our maternity hospitals the joint childbirth has started to develop. Should fathers take this opportunity?
If so, you should be prepared for the fact that relatives and friends would react to your decision ambiguously. Mothers and grandmothers, who passed Soviet maternity houses and are accustomed to endure the difficulties alone, may perceive this as a whim of a pregnant woman. Grandfather and uncles, trying not to interfere in the “women’s” affairs, will not also be happy.
Every couple should consider this question for several times. To agree to such a serious step, following the new fashion or advice of friends which can fundamentally change the entire life, isn’t worth it.
Only a qualified doctor can help future parents in making the correct decision. By the way, it is preferable, to consult a psychologist even before planning pregnancy. After all, family life undergoes significant changes, family roles areredistributed, as well as the question of responsibility for the new family member. In short, there is something to work.
Specialists’ advice
Much depends on the relationship in the family. One case is when the couple acts as partners who are accustomed to do everything together. After such an event couples become closer. Another case is when family relations are based on the type of mother-child relationship. Wife is concerned about the morals. To overcome this stereotype is hardly possible. If a woman insists on “man-child” contact in the delivery room, that will be enough. The vast majority of fathers, who participated in the joint delivery, will be proud of themselves. Incidentally, in psychology there is such a thing as imprinting – that is the first impression, obtained immediately after birth. So it’s great, if the first parent to see the baby is a father.

Is it true that milk-teeth are formed from milk?

This is Hippocrates’s viewpoint, who named these teeth in this way. In general, the doctor was not far from the truth: breast milk contains calcium that is the main element which participates in building bones and teeth. In “cow milk” this important element is not less but it is practically not absorbed by children. Hence the conclusion: breastfeeding your child you will guarantee him/her healthy teeth in future!

As an additional source of calcium pediatricians recommend giving the child curds in the second half of his/her life, and its rapid absorption contributes to vitamin D – do not forget to give it to child? According to the doctor’s instructions!

Why do children cut teeth at the wrong time?

The child, who is born weak, with low weight and is often ill in the first months of life having signs of rickets, delayed dentition is associated with adverse factors acting on the body.

But what if the baby is healthy and there is no sign of teeth in 9-12 months? Find out when you cut teeth. Program of delayed cutting of milk-teeth is usually written in the genes.

Child cuts teeth not in common order – what is it?

It is believed that the child’s health isn’t so much connected with the time he/she cuts teeth, but with the order of teething. If it is broken, pay attention to this fact and visit pediatric dentist. In general, first children cut one of the lower incisors, and then two upper teeth, followed by lateral incisors in the opposite order – first the upper, then lower.
Dentists calculate the number of teeth that child should have, according to observations: in 7 months he/she cuts one tooth, 8 – two, 9 – three and so on. And this is the minimum!

How should I guess that my child is cutting the first tooth?

The earliest symptom is the increased formation of saliva. It begins to run like a river for a couple of months before the cutting due to irritation of nerve endings. Nature prepares the child to chewing solid food. It runs down the chin and neck going into the neck folds, stimulating children’s tender skin – it should be wiped all the time, or rather, soak through the soft gauze cloth. Once there was an urgent need for apron-bib, you should know: first tooth is on its way.

If the teeth are cut, it means that the baby will be ill soon?

Dentition is a natural process, during which the temperature should not rise. Anxiety, which causes the baby tooth cutting, as well as the associated sleep deprivation and malnutrition weaken the immune system and make the child vulnerable to infection – respiratory and intestinal. Try to minimize contact with outsiders.

How to facilitate the process of teething?

Inflammation of the gums in a place where the tooth is seen you can use gels with anesthetic and removing redness and swelling elements. In a series of Karavaeva balsam there is a special kind of vitamin for infant gums: it contains plant extracts to provide anesthetic effect with the effect of light freezing: cold, relieves the pain, has anti-inflammatory effect and simply distracts the child from unpleasant feelings.

How child should be fed at this crucial moment?

With the first tooth the sucking reflex turns into the need to chew and bite, so one liquid and soft food now can not help. At each feeding, give your child a piece of dried bread, slice of cucumber or cooked but not up very soft carrots, apple quarter-without skin and seeds. Chewing gum improves blood supply, trains and strengthens the teeth appeared, improves the power of those that must cut.

Do I need to clean the baby teeth?

Previously it was believed that up to 2-3 years there is no need: it is impossible to teach such children to use the brush. However, children dentists have revised the previous installation. It turns out that the science of properly brush his teeth your child should learn under the supervision of parents from the first tooth up to 10 years – only in this age you can trust him/her with the brush at the complete disposal.

Where are the yellow spots on the teeth carved and why enamel is not smooth, but wavy?

Newborn lower incisors are often uneven – in the form of a beautiful wave. Over time, the ripple is smoothed out, erased when chewing. Another thing is a thinning of the enamel on the incisors themselves. It takes this kind because of calcium deficiency and infections, which suffered a mother during pregnancy, or other adverse factors operating at the time favorite of baby teeth, as well as due to disease and malnutrition in the child.

Especially harmful is tetracycline that causes teeth to turn yellow, dark and violates their growth: pediatricians try not to use it at an early age. If the color and surface of the incisors do not look typical, consult with pediatric dentist. In order to strengthen the enamel, pediatricians are advised to arrange with the teething child “calcium subsidy” – in two weeks to give 3 times a day for 1 / 3 tablets of calcium gluconate. You should grind them and add to food.

How to bring up and educate a child? This question certainly disturbs each parent. One thing is certain: without love and affection no parent will have success.
Question of balanced nutrition of children from birth is of great importance. It’s enough to say that man can not go to college just because he/she did not receive enough dietary iodine, a woman can not breastfeed because in childhood she ate irrationally. Zinc deficiency in food may cause the boy’s problems of growth and puberty, and calcium deficiency in childhood forms osteochondrosis among adults. The imbalance of diet on selenium can cause dysplasia infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, etc.

- Let’s talk about modern and scientifically sound principles for feeding infants.

- In recent years, the nutritional status of children of the first year of life has changed. In particular, the dates of the introduction of complementary food have been changed. Let me explain that research supported by the recommendations on this issue is provided only in the territory of the former Union institutions – Institute of Nutrition of RAMS. So, if even a few years ago, pediatricians recommended to give infants fruit juices from a month, but today it is considered to be done not earlier than three or four months.

- Why?

- First, a drop of juice gives the baby’s body a miser amount of vitamins and minerals, while significantly increasing the risk of allergic reactions. Secondly, some children have dyspeptic disorders. The digestive system of a baby is not ready for processing anything more than milk, and the early introduction of juice brings much more harm than use. According to the latest recommendations of the Institute of Nutrition of RAMS, the baby is ready to absorb fruit juice and puree only in the third or fourth month of its life.

- Why they have overestimated?

- Previously, we recommended giving children cow’s milk from eight months. Today it turns out that cow’s milk and yogurt cause diapedesic intestinal bleeding, which is often the reason for the reduction of hemoglobin and anemia. So now we recommend adapted milk formula with the number “2″ – so-called “Follow”.

Greatly has changed attitude to the curds. Previously, pediatricians were encouraged to give it to children from five-six months. Today, however, if the child is healthy, you can give him/her curds from a year. Cheese has much protein product, and the child takes enough protein from mother’s milk or infant formula. After all, if the protein in the diet is too much, there is a big burden on the kidneys. Of course, this does not always lead to the development of kidney disease, but nevertheless there is nothing good.

- Young mothers usually can not wait and introduce solid food early. What is wrong with the early introduction of “adult” products?

- Meat, eggs, fish, cheese, whole milk are also protein products, and including them into the baby’s diet should be done slowly. And since there is no universal advice, including complementary food and dishes is better to discuss with the pediatrician. After all, if, for example, a child grows weak or sick often (and in such cases, the body requires much more protein), the diet is calculated individually and completely different than a healthy child’s. Perhaps the doctor will recommend meat, cheese and other products.

What is wrong with the early introduction of complementary foods for a healthy baby? Suppose you decided to give the baby meat or cheese in three or four months. At this time, his/her gastrointestinal tract is not yet fully formed. However, the earliest solid food provokes its rapid development to the detriment of other systems. According to the natural maturation of the child program in three or four months are formed the cardiovascular, but not the digestive system. And once the program is broken, then, sooner or later the child will have heart problems.

The most important is to avoid the universal advice: each child requires individual attention. Choosing the best for your baby timetable for the introduction of complementary food will help a qualified pediatrician. A rough scheme is as follows. If the child is healthy, from birth to four months, he does not need anything except breast milk. In the absence of aggravated heredity for allergy from four months you can begin the introduction of juices. However, if there is an allergic reaction or any disorder, stop it up to six months. Give just a few drops of juice for the first time gradually increasing the quantity and eventually bringing it up to 10hn, where n is the child’s age in months. If in the process of introducing juice still appears mild allergic reaction, you must do two-week break, and then begin with a different juice, watching its portability.

In five months, first you can give your baby vegetable puree. We usually suggest you start with squash or potatoes.Gradually increasing the amount, two weeks later it is brought to 150-180 g. In the puree you can add vegetable oil.

Preparing vegetable purée you need to preserve vitamins.

A month after this comes second complementary food – porridge. Here we recommend rice, buckwheat.

- There is a huge variety of cereals. Which one we should choose? Or is it better to cook ourselves?

- It’s up to you. It is very convenient to use instant, soluble ones which do not require cooking – their preparation takes just a few minutes. In porridge should be added some butter. The recommended amount of cereal in the six to seven months is 150 grams, from eight months to a year – 180-200 g. The mixed porridge of a few grains you can give your child when he/she becomes accustomed to each grain separately.

After six months, you can start feeding your child with meat, fish, hard-boiled egg yolk, curds.

Delusion N1: Rely on the taste of the child

Parents sometimes are mistaken and wrong. For example, in fashion at the time of the emancipation of women they were mistaken about the need for infant feeding with breast milk. It was believed that this process would spoil the body and can be painlessly replaced by artificial feeding. As a result, pediatricians had to convince the careless mothers that bare necessity for their children during the first months of life is mother’s milk and no artificial substitutes can fully replace it.

Today, pediatricians have to convince women to a lack or absence of their own milk (but this problem is very crucial – almost 70% of Russian women suffer from reduced secretion of milk. So they try to refute another common parental mistake: “In order to feed a child can be used any children products. After all, this is not so. If you can not feed the child with breast milk, the replacement would be by the best food in the form of an adapted liquid infant formula.

Delusion N2: Feeding the child with different mixtures

Most parents feed their kids with a mixture of non-adapted cow’s milk. It’s a serious mistake to feed babies with cow’s milk, because it is rich in natural and useful substances. In fact, proteins in this milk are “too heavy” for the body of the child. Any pediatrician will tell you that when artificial feeding should be used only adapted milk formulas, as by their composition and properties they are closer to human milk. Such mixtures can be used from the earliest days of baby’s life. We, following the recommendations of the Professional Institute of Nutrition RAMS, will advise the mixture “Agusha”. They are proved to be the best; many modern parents know and prefer to use this mixture.

Delusion N3: the mixture does not have a healthy effect

“Agusha” – is a mixture of two types: unsalted and sour-milk. By the way, pediatricians recommend unsalted mixture. Sour-milk mixture from “Agusha” is a unique product, which contains live lacto- elements that suppresses the growth of pathogenic flora and is an excellent preventive of dysbacteriosis. Doctors recommend the sour-milk mixture in case of functional disorders of the digestive tract among babies – colic, constipation, and depressed immunity and high risk of respiratory and intestinal infections. Moreover, its inclusion in the diet reduces the manifestations atonic dermatitis among children, often occurring with the introduction of complementary food.

Delusion N4: the mixture can be prepared “by eye”

Liquid mixtures “Agusha” are very convenient for parents. The process of its

preparation can be expressed literally in a nutshell: warm up – and feed! Believe me, this is much better and more useful than to feed the baby with dry mixture diluted “by eye”. Moreover, not every mother uses required boiled water. And how much harmful can be water from the tap, we keep silent.

Delusion N5: “adult” products can be used

Curds or yogurt, parents must eat these themselves – for them it will be much more useful than for their child. For children are invented and developed their own, children yoghurt, cheese, cream and juice. And they are all sold under the brand name familiar to us “Agusha”.

From six months children need an additional source of protein, calcium and phosphorus. Thanks to the latest technologies, “Agusha” contains basically the valuable whey proteins, rather than crude casein, as in “adult” curd, which is poorly digested in the stomach of the child.

From eight months to the diet can be added no less useful for children yogurt “Agusha”. Children yogurt is enriched with vitamins and minerals. It also adds natural fruit and berry fillings.

Fruit juices can be added to babies diet from three months. They are rich in vitamins and trace elements, and their range is also very diverse.

In ancient Rome there was a custom to begin each meal with eggs, and it was so widespread that the phrase “from egg” has acquired a new meaning; it became a proverb with meaning “to start something again.”
So, it’s very good to start your day with eggs. You may say – every day an egg – hard boiled, scrambled, fried, finally – it is monotonous and boring. But let us remember the following: an egg contains 6 grams protein, 15 g fat, 85 mg phosphorus, 25 mg calcium, 1, 2 mg iron, as well as a set of valuable vitamins.
For example – one egg contains a fifth of the daily human need for vitamin A. Egg-white has a high value. Two eggs satisfy a significant part of the daily protein requirements. But that’s not all. The most unique piece of egg is an egg shell, which composition strikingly coincides with the composition of bones and teeth of man. Moreover, it stimulates red blood cells, which are especially valuable after radiation injury.
Hungarian Medical Research showed that the shell contains everything necessary for the organism micronutrients, including copper, fluoride, iron, manganese, molybdenum, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, zinc, etc – about 27 elements!
But especially I’d like to mention calcium. As you know, its lack, especially in the bones, is one of the most common metabolics today. As a result – rickets and incorrect growth of teeth among children, the curvature of the spine, bad teeth, brittle bones among adults.
The disorder of ring exchange is often accompanied by anemia, susceptibility to colds, allergies, herpes on the lips,lowering resistance to the action of radiation. In women, this list is complementary to various aches and weakness when giving birth, agony of uterus muscles. But they especially feel the lack of calcium during pregnancy. How many women have lost their teeth, while breastfeeding their child!
The drugs – calcium chloride, gypsum, chalk – are ineffective because they are poorly digested by the body. But the egg shell by 90 per cent consists of calcium carbonate, which is easily digested. So the conclusion arises: to try to make the shell of medical product. However, in pharmacies of western countries the powder of egg shell has been sold since 1970.
Meanwhile, the recipe is simple. Fresh chicken eggs should be pre-washed with warm soapy water, thoroughly rinsed. In most cases, the shell does not require additional sterilization. However, for young children they must be put for 5 minutes in boiling water. Next, carefully remove the lining of the film and dry a little, removing a dark ventilated place. Usually within a few hours it is well dried.
Now you need to crush in a porcelain bowl making it powder. It is noticed that when using the grinder or metal utensils; it is less active.
A child from 6 months to a year should use a dose of powder; that is, with the tip of a knife, from one year to two years – twice as much. By 5.7 years you can give your child half of the shell of one egg, and child over 14 years (as well as adults), not more than one.
It’s very important to note that before you give a child this powder, add a few drops of lemon juice. Lemon juice makes an instant chemical reaction – you can hear the characteristic hissing. As the shell contains calcium salts, lemon juice helps to turn them into a form that is well absorbed by the body.
The use of this drug is shown primarily in the skin lesions on the type of eczema, which is observed among many children affected by exidative diathesis. I want to warn: the effect appears not earlier than 3-4 weeks, but sometimes takes two or three months. So be patient.
The parents very often ask this question: when to take this powder – on an empty stomach or after meal? In this case it does not matter. It is possible to add it to food.
Egg shell has a positive effect in rickets and anemia. It helps to enhance hematopoiesis in bone tissue, accelerates healing in orthopedic disorders such as congenital hip dislocation, osteoporosis (softening of bones). Both children and adults should use egg shell powder in order to avoid having brittle nails and hair, bleeding gums, constipation, irritability, insomnia, hay fever, asthma, urticaria.

The shell is used in all cases when a lack of calcium in the body is noticed, as well as for prophylactic treatment:
- In pregnancy;
- Children from 1 year to 6 years;
- Preferably in adolescence and early adulthood (up to 19-20 years);
- Prophylactically twice a year egg shell powder treatment is useful for adults to prevent diseases of the spine, tooth decay, osteoporosis;
- As a means of deducing radionuclides in ground contaminated with strontium-90 (using 2 to 6 grams a day);
- Receiving the powder from the shell is especially useful in the beginning of the year, when the calcium metabolism slows down.

Nowadays there are many proposals. But in this article you can find all the necessary information. You can of course concede the principle “better, brighter, more expensive.” But this is not always true. Price and size of toys is not an indicator of its quality and benefit to the child.

When choosing a toy for a 2-year-old child, you must remember that in this age all the senses continue to develop. This means that a child should have a variety of toys. If you buy a toy to your child – you should not buy what he/she already has. That is, there is no need to create a “collection” of cars, dolls, horses, etc. If you are going to make a gift not for your baby, try to find out what toys he has. Remember that at this age the child is already beginning to show independence and he/she will be anxious to manipulate the gift toy himself/herself. For example, take off the shoes of the doll or carry something on truck.

At this age the child’s speech is formed, ie word-stock. As you know, the development of small hand movements has a big impact on this. This can be a manipulation of fingers with small and medium-sized objects. For example: doing and undoing zippers, lacing, stringing together different forms and sizes of beads, etc.
Now there are very beautiful wooden toys, lacing, which can serve as a useful gift. In addition, there are toys on thestickers.
After all this, you child learns names of body parts, and puts clothing on them correctly. A very attractive gift can be a doll house. There are enough choices with the sound and light accompaniment. The child will be happy to play with tiny chairs, feed them from toy dishes, and watch with them from a tiny window.

A good gift for a child can be a set for modeling. Now they are made from plant materials that do not stick to hands and clothes, thus not creating unnecessary problems for parents. Modeling allows the child to develop imagination, color perception. In addition, a gift can be a set of finger paints. If you are going to introduce your child to paint for the first time, do not forget to buy cloth and a special apron for a child, as well as a drawing paper. Surely your artist wants to see how the print on hands will look like on clothes. Painting has a positive influence on the mood of the child, helps in the perception of color.
Do not forget to praise the child for his/her drawing. The first experience in drawing is the key to all creative activities of the child.

For the development of the imagination a good gift can be a special set of braces blowing soap bubbles – a very interesting thing, especially important for summer. The game will gather a lot of children around you.

A useful gift can be a doll. Of course, if it is properly selected, ie taking into account the age and capabilities of the child. I have already talked about that all details should be easily removed. 2-year-old children like a medium sized doll, which can be taken into the bathroom, easily put to sleep (better if the eyes are closed), which has a pleasant appearance. With the help of a doll baby learns to express his/her emotions. Help him/her to play with it. Show how the doll cries, laughs, is angry, delighted. By the way, psychologists say that learning to play with dolls is not only for girls but also for boys. For a boy you can buy a doll-boy. You can simply put in a conspicuous place and say that Sam (give the name to the doll) will be your friend. And, you’ll see, your baby will definitely share with it his secrets.

Doll-gloves (ie, a puppet theater) can also be a perfect gift. The child can put his/her into the hands of the hero and play together – be brave or cowardly, happy or sad. The experience of these feelings helps to correct psychological development of children. Through these toys child can share his/her fears with an adult, get rid of negative emotions.

And, finally, the beloved soft toys come. Corresponding to age, they are different. With the help of soft toys we show the child kindness towards others.
Dear Parents, remember, please, that the best gift for your child will still remain your attention, love and care. Give children your time playing with them with these toys!