Baby Care

Archive for September, 2009

How to bring up and educate a child? This question certainly disturbs each parent. One thing is certain: without love and affection no parent will have success.
Question of balanced nutrition of children from birth is of great importance. It’s enough to say that man can not go to college just because he/she did not receive enough dietary iodine, a woman can not breastfeed because in childhood she ate irrationally. Zinc deficiency in food may cause the boy’s problems of growth and puberty, and calcium deficiency in childhood forms osteochondrosis among adults. The imbalance of diet on selenium can cause dysplasia infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, etc.

- Let’s talk about modern and scientifically sound principles for feeding infants.

- In recent years, the nutritional status of children of the first year of life has changed. In particular, the dates of the introduction of complementary food have been changed. Let me explain that research supported by the recommendations on this issue is provided only in the territory of the former Union institutions – Institute of Nutrition of RAMS. So, if even a few years ago, pediatricians recommended to give infants fruit juices from a month, but today it is considered to be done not earlier than three or four months.

- Why?

- First, a drop of juice gives the baby’s body a miser amount of vitamins and minerals, while significantly increasing the risk of allergic reactions. Secondly, some children have dyspeptic disorders. The digestive system of a baby is not ready for processing anything more than milk, and the early introduction of juice brings much more harm than use. According to the latest recommendations of the Institute of Nutrition of RAMS, the baby is ready to absorb fruit juice and puree only in the third or fourth month of its life.

- Why they have overestimated?

- Previously, we recommended giving children cow’s milk from eight months. Today it turns out that cow’s milk and yogurt cause diapedesic intestinal bleeding, which is often the reason for the reduction of hemoglobin and anemia. So now we recommend adapted milk formula with the number “2″ – so-called “Follow”.

Greatly has changed attitude to the curds. Previously, pediatricians were encouraged to give it to children from five-six months. Today, however, if the child is healthy, you can give him/her curds from a year. Cheese has much protein product, and the child takes enough protein from mother’s milk or infant formula. After all, if the protein in the diet is too much, there is a big burden on the kidneys. Of course, this does not always lead to the development of kidney disease, but nevertheless there is nothing good.

- Young mothers usually can not wait and introduce solid food early. What is wrong with the early introduction of “adult” products?

- Meat, eggs, fish, cheese, whole milk are also protein products, and including them into the baby’s diet should be done slowly. And since there is no universal advice, including complementary food and dishes is better to discuss with the pediatrician. After all, if, for example, a child grows weak or sick often (and in such cases, the body requires much more protein), the diet is calculated individually and completely different than a healthy child’s. Perhaps the doctor will recommend meat, cheese and other products.

What is wrong with the early introduction of complementary foods for a healthy baby? Suppose you decided to give the baby meat or cheese in three or four months. At this time, his/her gastrointestinal tract is not yet fully formed. However, the earliest solid food provokes its rapid development to the detriment of other systems. According to the natural maturation of the child program in three or four months are formed the cardiovascular, but not the digestive system. And once the program is broken, then, sooner or later the child will have heart problems.

The most important is to avoid the universal advice: each child requires individual attention. Choosing the best for your baby timetable for the introduction of complementary food will help a qualified pediatrician. A rough scheme is as follows. If the child is healthy, from birth to four months, he does not need anything except breast milk. In the absence of aggravated heredity for allergy from four months you can begin the introduction of juices. However, if there is an allergic reaction or any disorder, stop it up to six months. Give just a few drops of juice for the first time gradually increasing the quantity and eventually bringing it up to 10hn, where n is the child’s age in months. If in the process of introducing juice still appears mild allergic reaction, you must do two-week break, and then begin with a different juice, watching its portability.

In five months, first you can give your baby vegetable puree. We usually suggest you start with squash or potatoes.Gradually increasing the amount, two weeks later it is brought to 150-180 g. In the puree you can add vegetable oil.

Preparing vegetable purée you need to preserve vitamins.

A month after this comes second complementary food – porridge. Here we recommend rice, buckwheat.

- There is a huge variety of cereals. Which one we should choose? Or is it better to cook ourselves?

- It’s up to you. It is very convenient to use instant, soluble ones which do not require cooking – their preparation takes just a few minutes. In porridge should be added some butter. The recommended amount of cereal in the six to seven months is 150 grams, from eight months to a year – 180-200 g. The mixed porridge of a few grains you can give your child when he/she becomes accustomed to each grain separately.

After six months, you can start feeding your child with meat, fish, hard-boiled egg yolk, curds.

Delusion N1: Rely on the taste of the child

Parents sometimes are mistaken and wrong. For example, in fashion at the time of the emancipation of women they were mistaken about the need for infant feeding with breast milk. It was believed that this process would spoil the body and can be painlessly replaced by artificial feeding. As a result, pediatricians had to convince the careless mothers that bare necessity for their children during the first months of life is mother’s milk and no artificial substitutes can fully replace it.

Today, pediatricians have to convince women to a lack or absence of their own milk (but this problem is very crucial – almost 70% of Russian women suffer from reduced secretion of milk. So they try to refute another common parental mistake: “In order to feed a child can be used any children products. After all, this is not so. If you can not feed the child with breast milk, the replacement would be by the best food in the form of an adapted liquid infant formula.

Delusion N2: Feeding the child with different mixtures

Most parents feed their kids with a mixture of non-adapted cow’s milk. It’s a serious mistake to feed babies with cow’s milk, because it is rich in natural and useful substances. In fact, proteins in this milk are “too heavy” for the body of the child. Any pediatrician will tell you that when artificial feeding should be used only adapted milk formulas, as by their composition and properties they are closer to human milk. Such mixtures can be used from the earliest days of baby’s life. We, following the recommendations of the Professional Institute of Nutrition RAMS, will advise the mixture “Agusha”. They are proved to be the best; many modern parents know and prefer to use this mixture.

Delusion N3: the mixture does not have a healthy effect

“Agusha” – is a mixture of two types: unsalted and sour-milk. By the way, pediatricians recommend unsalted mixture. Sour-milk mixture from “Agusha” is a unique product, which contains live lacto- elements that suppresses the growth of pathogenic flora and is an excellent preventive of dysbacteriosis. Doctors recommend the sour-milk mixture in case of functional disorders of the digestive tract among babies – colic, constipation, and depressed immunity and high risk of respiratory and intestinal infections. Moreover, its inclusion in the diet reduces the manifestations atonic dermatitis among children, often occurring with the introduction of complementary food.

Delusion N4: the mixture can be prepared “by eye”

Liquid mixtures “Agusha” are very convenient for parents. The process of its

preparation can be expressed literally in a nutshell: warm up – and feed! Believe me, this is much better and more useful than to feed the baby with dry mixture diluted “by eye”. Moreover, not every mother uses required boiled water. And how much harmful can be water from the tap, we keep silent.

Delusion N5: “adult” products can be used

Curds or yogurt, parents must eat these themselves – for them it will be much more useful than for their child. For children are invented and developed their own, children yoghurt, cheese, cream and juice. And they are all sold under the brand name familiar to us “Agusha”.

From six months children need an additional source of protein, calcium and phosphorus. Thanks to the latest technologies, “Agusha” contains basically the valuable whey proteins, rather than crude casein, as in “adult” curd, which is poorly digested in the stomach of the child.

From eight months to the diet can be added no less useful for children yogurt “Agusha”. Children yogurt is enriched with vitamins and minerals. It also adds natural fruit and berry fillings.

Fruit juices can be added to babies diet from three months. They are rich in vitamins and trace elements, and their range is also very diverse.

In ancient Rome there was a custom to begin each meal with eggs, and it was so widespread that the phrase “from egg” has acquired a new meaning; it became a proverb with meaning “to start something again.”
So, it’s very good to start your day with eggs. You may say – every day an egg – hard boiled, scrambled, fried, finally – it is monotonous and boring. But let us remember the following: an egg contains 6 grams protein, 15 g fat, 85 mg phosphorus, 25 mg calcium, 1, 2 mg iron, as well as a set of valuable vitamins.
For example – one egg contains a fifth of the daily human need for vitamin A. Egg-white has a high value. Two eggs satisfy a significant part of the daily protein requirements. But that’s not all. The most unique piece of egg is an egg shell, which composition strikingly coincides with the composition of bones and teeth of man. Moreover, it stimulates red blood cells, which are especially valuable after radiation injury.
Hungarian Medical Research showed that the shell contains everything necessary for the organism micronutrients, including copper, fluoride, iron, manganese, molybdenum, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, zinc, etc – about 27 elements!
But especially I’d like to mention calcium. As you know, its lack, especially in the bones, is one of the most common metabolics today. As a result – rickets and incorrect growth of teeth among children, the curvature of the spine, bad teeth, brittle bones among adults.
The disorder of ring exchange is often accompanied by anemia, susceptibility to colds, allergies, herpes on the lips,lowering resistance to the action of radiation. In women, this list is complementary to various aches and weakness when giving birth, agony of uterus muscles. But they especially feel the lack of calcium during pregnancy. How many women have lost their teeth, while breastfeeding their child!
The drugs – calcium chloride, gypsum, chalk – are ineffective because they are poorly digested by the body. But the egg shell by 90 per cent consists of calcium carbonate, which is easily digested. So the conclusion arises: to try to make the shell of medical product. However, in pharmacies of western countries the powder of egg shell has been sold since 1970.
Meanwhile, the recipe is simple. Fresh chicken eggs should be pre-washed with warm soapy water, thoroughly rinsed. In most cases, the shell does not require additional sterilization. However, for young children they must be put for 5 minutes in boiling water. Next, carefully remove the lining of the film and dry a little, removing a dark ventilated place. Usually within a few hours it is well dried.
Now you need to crush in a porcelain bowl making it powder. It is noticed that when using the grinder or metal utensils; it is less active.
A child from 6 months to a year should use a dose of powder; that is, with the tip of a knife, from one year to two years – twice as much. By 5.7 years you can give your child half of the shell of one egg, and child over 14 years (as well as adults), not more than one.
It’s very important to note that before you give a child this powder, add a few drops of lemon juice. Lemon juice makes an instant chemical reaction – you can hear the characteristic hissing. As the shell contains calcium salts, lemon juice helps to turn them into a form that is well absorbed by the body.
The use of this drug is shown primarily in the skin lesions on the type of eczema, which is observed among many children affected by exidative diathesis. I want to warn: the effect appears not earlier than 3-4 weeks, but sometimes takes two or three months. So be patient.
The parents very often ask this question: when to take this powder – on an empty stomach or after meal? In this case it does not matter. It is possible to add it to food.
Egg shell has a positive effect in rickets and anemia. It helps to enhance hematopoiesis in bone tissue, accelerates healing in orthopedic disorders such as congenital hip dislocation, osteoporosis (softening of bones). Both children and adults should use egg shell powder in order to avoid having brittle nails and hair, bleeding gums, constipation, irritability, insomnia, hay fever, asthma, urticaria.

The shell is used in all cases when a lack of calcium in the body is noticed, as well as for prophylactic treatment:
- In pregnancy;
- Children from 1 year to 6 years;
- Preferably in adolescence and early adulthood (up to 19-20 years);
- Prophylactically twice a year egg shell powder treatment is useful for adults to prevent diseases of the spine, tooth decay, osteoporosis;
- As a means of deducing radionuclides in ground contaminated with strontium-90 (using 2 to 6 grams a day);
- Receiving the powder from the shell is especially useful in the beginning of the year, when the calcium metabolism slows down.

Each stage of the child’s development has its own peculiarities. In the first six months of life are developed their reflexes and skills. At this time the child should motor activity. The development of muscles, coordination of movements, skills form the foundation for the intellectual leap into the future.
Newborn baby can not play in a meaningful way yet. All its actions with rattles are spontaneous, but it does not mean that toys should be postponed “until better times.” You can start exercising with a baby since the first days of his life. It’s important to keep in mind that children from birth to six months develop very quickly. How to deal with a baby from birth to six months we will tell you now.

From 0 to 2 months
In order to develop movements, the child will not need plastic rattles. Sew some balls from fabric scraps of different textures (knitted, flannel, silk, wool). The size of these balls should be small.

You can fill the ball with synthetic padding, foam rubber and wool threads. The details should be well secured.

Games with rattles in the period up to two months should not be frequent and active. It’s enough to show them.

From 2 to 4 months
During this period child’s feelings, emotions and will are fused together. His/her perception of the world is based on the collective image of who appears before him/her. That is why the baby likes to allocate from an object a toy, mother and brother.

At this time, a great toy for the baby may become even an ordinary handkerchief!
For the development of hearing, vision, tactile sensations you can play hide and seek with your child. This game also helps him/her to distinguish himself/herself from the surrounding (mother, father).

Put a sheet onto the floor, put on it the child, and lie nearby. For a while talk with the child. Then show him/her the handkerchief and cover your face with it saying: “Cuckoo! Where are you?” Remove the handkerchief from your face and cheerfully say:” Oh, and here you are!” Touch the baby so that he/she realized that you talk to him/her. After a few days, you can change the rules of the game. Cover his/her face with a handkerchief, and then rapidly rejoice that he/she is “found”. Do not forget to hug and kiss the baby at this moment!

Another useful toy for 2-4-month-old kids is a ball. Put your baby on his/her stomach, lie nearby. Put the toy in front of him/her, and then roll the ball. Your task is to encourage the baby to make a simple action. The child sooner or later will try to get the ball with hands. Help him/her: creating a support for his/her legs with your arm. This game develops the baby’s neck.

From 4 to 6 months
At this age, coordination of movements is actively developing. Emotional and psychological relationship with their parents is also formed at this period. Finally – the time has come for active use of rattles and rubber toys! And you can play with them in the following way:

Put the colorful toys of different sizes in a box. In advance, make sure that there were no items that baby can insert into the nose or ear, swallow.

Sit on the floor with the child. Shake the box in front of him/her. After the child starts showing interest to it, ask him/her to look inside. Most likely, the kid tries to get the toys out of the box. Help him/her along the way telling what kind of object it is, what color and shape it has, etc. When all the toys will be outside, begin to collect them back.

For convenience, keep a notebook of observations. You can record all changes with the child. These records will help you in studies. Let your baby grows clever and healthy!

Now you can rarely meet young parents who, because of superstition, do not buy any items before the birth of a baby. Practice shows that it is better to buy everything in advance, than rush to the shops, pharmacies in search of the necessary.
So what you need to buy for your future crumbs? Before you make a list of things for a newborn you need to answer the following questions:
Where will your baby sleep: with you or separately?
If you are against co-sleeping, one of the first items on the checklist will be a cot. This contains the following:
Mattress;
linens – sheets, pillowcases and duvet cover. It is better to prepare three sets in case one is in the laundry, one – wearing, and the latter will remain on the safe side;
blankets – one shelter, the second wrap at home and on the walk;
large size oilskin;
pillow – newborn doesn’t need it. Instead, put a folded diaper. You can buy a special pillow for a stroller with an indentation for the head. In any case, you can use it not earlier than three months.

Do you plan to use diapers?

I think that this is one of the main important things for the baby. Even if you are opposed to diapers, you may need them in situations where they are simply indispensable. For example, you will not make it in time to wash soiled nappies. When my son was born, I had to change diapers at night every half an hour. After a sleepless week, I realized that the diaper at night is my salvation. We will not argue about the benefits and harms of diapers, let everyone decide for herself.
Someone has to wash 20-30 diapers a day, someone will be convenient to use disposable diapers for a walk, not to disguise the baby on the street.

If you choose the option without the use of diapers, there is a counter-question: Will you swaddle a newborn or just dress him/her in sliders?

Previously, children in compulsory were swaddled up to 2-3 months, but now many babies are dressed in shirts with the sliders. I think it is difficult to decide which option is better. Even if you do not want to swaddle the baby, you can put it under the child, when he/she lies on the changing table, in a stroller, on your bed or sofa.

At what time of year your baby is born?

In the cold season, the portfolio is slightly different (warm jackets, pants, hats).

Clothing:

1) diapers – On average (again, it all depends on the season, from that, will you wash them once or twice a day) you will need 10-15 warm diapers, 10-15 thin and a minimum 20 gauze diapers.
2) vests, shirts – 4 thin, 4 warm. The first one will be comfortable with the closed-sleeved vests for baby not to scratch itself. You might also like T-shirts. They should be fitted with clasp at the shoulder.
3) Romper – 4-6 thin and thick. It’s better to choose the model, fastened on the shoulders with two levels of buttons.
4) cap, hat – I bought 3 cap. When my son was born, I was surprised how quickly they became small. In the first month of each week I had to change the cap. So prepare 2-3 caps of several sizes. Depending on the time of year take warm or thin cap for a walk.
5) socks – a pair of warm and a pair of thin socks will be enough.
6) panties – In summer kids will feel comfortable wearing panties, putting them in gauze diapers. In general, newborns should not use clothing with elastic bands on the tummy, but the 2.3 month kids conveniently record gauze diaper with pants.
8), blouse, pants – thin for summer, warm for winter.
9) bib

Medicine chest:

1) Thermometer – for water.
2) Cotton wool, cotton sticks – to clean the nose and ears.
3) Baby wipes – they are convenient to use during a walk and a visit.
4) Febrifuge – will help not only in the event of illness, but after vaccination, if the temperature of newborns rises. It is better to use this medicine in the form of candles.
5) Medicine from colic, gas formation – Up to three months, babies are often plagued by gas, colic and cramps. Most moms use “Espumizan”, “smectic” or simply dill water.
6) Permanganic acid, hydrogen peroxide, – potassium permanganate is added to water for bathing, and peroxide is applied to navel of the newborn.
7) Baby oil – They are used during the massage.
Pipette

Other accessories:

1) Oilcloth – One big – in bed, a smaller one – in the stroller and changing table.
2) Bottle, brush – for washing.
3) Pacifier – And here opinions vary: someone flatly refuses to teach the crumbs to the nipple, someone successfully uses it to soothe a crying baby and put to bed. In any case, one nipple will not be difficult to buy.
4) Bathroom accessories – bath and towels. You can buy a small tub; you can bathe in a regular bath, with less water. From a small bath baby will grow quickly. But its advantages are that the child can swim in the children’s room, next to the changing table. It is better to have a large towel for swimming (120×120).
5) Baby soap – for bathing.

When choosing clothes try to buy the ones made of natural fabrics. Coveralls, t-shirts and blouses are better to be a little bit larger.

You can buy a changing table, and can turn the usual coffee table into a changing table, covering it with an old blanket and oilcloth.

Here is a sample list of things for a newborn. It can be changed depending on your viewpoints. Someone prefers T-shirts, some diapers and vest, someone will actively use children’s cosmetics, soap and baby oil. In any case, the main choice is yours. We wish you and your future baby health!

Nowadays there are many proposals. But in this article you can find all the necessary information. You can of course concede the principle “better, brighter, more expensive.” But this is not always true. Price and size of toys is not an indicator of its quality and benefit to the child.

When choosing a toy for a 2-year-old child, you must remember that in this age all the senses continue to develop. This means that a child should have a variety of toys. If you buy a toy to your child – you should not buy what he/she already has. That is, there is no need to create a “collection” of cars, dolls, horses, etc. If you are going to make a gift not for your baby, try to find out what toys he has. Remember that at this age the child is already beginning to show independence and he/she will be anxious to manipulate the gift toy himself/herself. For example, take off the shoes of the doll or carry something on truck.

At this age the child’s speech is formed, ie word-stock. As you know, the development of small hand movements has a big impact on this. This can be a manipulation of fingers with small and medium-sized objects. For example: doing and undoing zippers, lacing, stringing together different forms and sizes of beads, etc.
Now there are very beautiful wooden toys, lacing, which can serve as a useful gift. In addition, there are toys on thestickers.
After all this, you child learns names of body parts, and puts clothing on them correctly. A very attractive gift can be a doll house. There are enough choices with the sound and light accompaniment. The child will be happy to play with tiny chairs, feed them from toy dishes, and watch with them from a tiny window.

A good gift for a child can be a set for modeling. Now they are made from plant materials that do not stick to hands and clothes, thus not creating unnecessary problems for parents. Modeling allows the child to develop imagination, color perception. In addition, a gift can be a set of finger paints. If you are going to introduce your child to paint for the first time, do not forget to buy cloth and a special apron for a child, as well as a drawing paper. Surely your artist wants to see how the print on hands will look like on clothes. Painting has a positive influence on the mood of the child, helps in the perception of color.
Do not forget to praise the child for his/her drawing. The first experience in drawing is the key to all creative activities of the child.

For the development of the imagination a good gift can be a special set of braces blowing soap bubbles – a very interesting thing, especially important for summer. The game will gather a lot of children around you.

A useful gift can be a doll. Of course, if it is properly selected, ie taking into account the age and capabilities of the child. I have already talked about that all details should be easily removed. 2-year-old children like a medium sized doll, which can be taken into the bathroom, easily put to sleep (better if the eyes are closed), which has a pleasant appearance. With the help of a doll baby learns to express his/her emotions. Help him/her to play with it. Show how the doll cries, laughs, is angry, delighted. By the way, psychologists say that learning to play with dolls is not only for girls but also for boys. For a boy you can buy a doll-boy. You can simply put in a conspicuous place and say that Sam (give the name to the doll) will be your friend. And, you’ll see, your baby will definitely share with it his secrets.

Doll-gloves (ie, a puppet theater) can also be a perfect gift. The child can put his/her into the hands of the hero and play together – be brave or cowardly, happy or sad. The experience of these feelings helps to correct psychological development of children. Through these toys child can share his/her fears with an adult, get rid of negative emotions.

And, finally, the beloved soft toys come. Corresponding to age, they are different. With the help of soft toys we show the child kindness towards others.
Dear Parents, remember, please, that the best gift for your child will still remain your attention, love and care. Give children your time playing with them with these toys!

Choosing carriage is a very important task for parents – comfort and safety of the child outside the house depends on your choice. There is a variety of models and types of carriages. If you choose a carriage for the first time, then you might want to save it for your other children.
Before going to the store, you must decide for yourself the following questions. At what time of year the stroller will be used? As well as the age of the child. Would you use it for walks in the park or going shopping? The size, weight of the carriage, the possibility of its transformation, open or closed, heat-shielding properties, ability to use for your younger children – this is a moment that you should take into account when selecting a carriage.

Types of carriages
What type of carriage will suit you most? There are several types of carriages:
Carriages – transformers with some simple manipulation acquire different functional purpose.
Usual carriage – it has a flat surface and is used for newborns. This type of carriage can be used until the child beganto sit independently. Once the child begins to sit down, increases the risk of falling baby from the carriage.
Transformer of usual and promenade carriages. This type of carriages doesn’t usually have flat surface. The back of the child is slightly bent, which is acceptable for newborns. When the child gets older, you change the angle of inclination of the back part of the carriage s, transforming it from ordinary to the promenade. This type of a carriage is convenient because of the soft stitched inside of the carriage.
Carriage – umbrella. To this type belong very light and easy folding carriages. When folded, they can easily fit in the trunk of a car; a bus, plane. If you travel with a baby carriage through the city this may be indispensable, but for a child it is not very convenient, as the inner surface is not soft and stitched. The prolonged stay of the child in such a stroller is not desirable.
Double carriage. Such carriage is needed in case of twins. If the difference between the ages of your children is 1-2 years, then you can use a double stroller for the movement of both of your kids.
Three-wheeled carriage. This carriage is designed for use in difficult road conditions. For example, it equally good moves on the wet sand, pebbles, gravel. It has an unusual design. Instead of the usual four wheels it has only three. Front wheel is unmatched. This type of carriage is very handy for the baby. Interior is soft, back angle is well-adjusted.
Transformer carriage and car seat. This combination of functions can be used as during a pedestrian walk, as well as during a trip.
When selecting a carriage, it is important to take into account the properties of the materials from which it is made. Can I wash a part of the fabric? The existence of the hood is very necessary, as in summer it largely protects the child from sunburn.

Carefully check the reliability of a carriage
When buying a carriage, check that it is a certified product. In addition, please note the following for the safety of your child.
• Each carriage should be equipped with safety belts. Belts must be securely attached to the base of the carriage. As a rule, five points fixation of the child is used in a carriage. Two belts pass through the shoulder girdle of the child on the surface of the chest to the stomach. These belts provide a record of the upper half of the body of the child. The lower part of the body fixed T-shaped straps. One of the belts passed between the legs, and two others – over the hips. Theupper and lower belts converge in the area of the navel. They buckle with a double degree of protection. Remember, placing the child in the carriage, immediately fasten seat belts.
• If you use a collapsible carriage, umbrella or carriage -transformer, then before you put the child in it, be sure to block all the points at which implemented a change in shape of carriage.
• Before starting moving check the brake system. It’s better to choose a carriage which has 2 breaks.
If a carriage is equipped with a basket for shopping or large pocket, located behind the carriage, remember that the heavy laden, can contribute to the reversal of the carriage. Never hang business or traveler’s bags on the handles of the carriage, as they change the location of the center of gravity of the carriage and also contribute to its reversal.
Useful details of the construction of a carriage:
• High convenient handles make it easy to manage carriage even with one hand.
• Double wheels in front and back give greater stability to the carriage.
• cape will protect the child from rain, wind, snow.

What can you say about a woman who does need to work on her body after giving birth to her child? Lucky! But these cases, unfortunately, are very rare. Most of the lucky moms have to mobilize all forces to lose weight after giving birth, or at least not gain weight even more. Such changes in the female body, of course, happen due to the change of hormonal background: lactation may contribute to a strong increase in weight, although there are cases when a woman, on the contrary, becomes much thinner during the period of lactation.
Naturally, the influence of so many factors, not everyone can, and will want to resist. That is why there is a large percentage of these young mothers, who, waving their hand at their own body, blissfully relax for a while on maternity leave. How does this usually end? With an empty wardrobe by the time to work. Dislike for her own reflection in the mirror. Remorse. IN order to prevent this, let’s begin to take care of our own body immediately after birth.

Haste – makes waste.
The first thing to remember on the path of self-improvement for women after childbirth: in this matter it is not necessary to hurry. Accept an axiom that reliably for a long time and irrevocably overweight takes only slowly and gradually. All that is quickly dropped can quickly return, often in double quantities. Young mothers have nowhere to hurry – the whole maternity leave is ahead – so you can go to the ideal body with small but consistent steps. There are two things that mothers in no case should not be allowed: the physical and nervous exhaustion. After the first few days the results of your efforts, of course, will not be visible. But this is quite a natural thing, so be prepared beforehand.

Drop can hew the stone.
Do you know why the drop hews the stone? Because it is stubborn and constant in its actions. And if you follow the example of the wise drop very soon you will realize that the regular and permanent occupation will give stunning results. If you already decided to do physical exercises, then make them permanent. If you limit yourself in some products, you do not need to organize so-called “boot day”, allowing yourself all at once, and a lot. Everything should be – regular and constant.
The main thing is both victory and participation.
Getting started to weight loss after pregnancy, you should tune in just for a positive result. You can not argue with olympic point of view, where “the main thing – do not win, but to participate. For us the main thing is both.

Starting the process of self-improvement, you must clearly understand what you are doing in order to get the result. And if next time standing up on the scales you visit frustration and a desire to stop all this weight loss, burn, saying that it is a blue flame, just remember how much effort was expended to ensure that. You can get a photo album with those pictures where you had the best body, and look at what you can do. And then all the doubts will go away.

And now – let’s start.

Step One, gym.

We start with the exercise. Women after childbirth are particularly concerned about the state of their breasts, which can lose shape, abdomen and thighs and buttocks, which are distributed after the birth, which is understandable when you consider what processes had just occurred in women during their most active participation.

You can save the former form of the chest, as well as make it even more beautiful very easily: First, do not skimp on underwear. Bra, which enjoys mummy after birth during breastfeeding, should be above reproach. This includes the addition of bra that is designed specifically for feeding. Pay attention to the fact that it had strong and broad straps, as the chest, full of milk, is quite heavy, but it must keep, as they say, “at the height! Make sure also that the bra is equally well-supported chest from different angles.

Second, keep a few secrets, which, according to experts, will help you maintain the shape of the breast. Breastfeed your baby in a prone position. Do not press on the chest. Always check to see that the baby was in an awkward position. Keep the breast away from cooling and drafts.

If you consider it necessary, use special creams that prevent stretch marks. But before you buy any of them, ask, whether it contains an element that is incompatible with breastfeeding. And, of course, buy these kind of creams only in specialized pharmacies.

Forget about cosmetic surgery. The effect of breast surgery can not be compared with those complications that can occur after few years. Plastic surgery is not our method.

As for the stomach, the changes in its size and general appearance are quite a natural phenomenon, though it affects us woefully. This does not mean that you can do nothing. Never! Abdomen, more than anything now needs your attention.

Exercise your press, but only after a few months after birth. Raise the head and chest while lying with bent knees, lift the legs bent at the knees. Try an exercise program, which is offered by Cindy Crawford, the famous and very beautiful young mummy. Another young mommy Jennifer Lopez offers exercise, in which you turn left and right, while sitting cross-legged with the clutch behind the head with your hands. Do not forget to pay attention to your hips. The best thing is a belly dance. Latin American dances are also efficient, which, moreover, will add a cheer and merry mood.

Step two, gastronomic.

As for diet, the lactating mothers should not abide by them. Child should receive the full range of necessary nutrients, so do not try to limit yourself to anything. Another thing that is important to review your diet, make it maximum stable, uniform and consistent, and most importantly, healthy. You will see that a normal healthy meal is a sure way to lose extra pounds. Fatty or salted, smoked or flour – all this can not be called healthy, so you can cut yourself in all these goodies.

As you see, to become not only very good, but the most beautiful mom in the world for your child is not so difficult. It is only necessary, as they say in the good old movie, “To see the goal, believe in yourself and ignore the obstacles.” Take Action! Good luck, success and patience!

A miracle happened: a tiny creature lives inside you! Perhaps you yourself still have no idea about this, but very soon massive changes will begin in your life.

The first sign of pregnancy can be disorders concerning menstrual cycle. However, sometimes this may be due to other causes, such as inflammatory processes, stressful experiences, a change of climate, etc. In order to determine pregnancy, you can use rapid tests. The level of the hormone in the urine in morning and evening hours vary, so while buying test in a drugstore, ask for what time of the day it is suitable. Pregnancy can also be identified with such characteristics: the swelling chest, some have breast tenderness, mood changes, appetite, etc.

This invisible show
At this time rapid and dramatic events happen in the body. A day after conception, gaining strength and energy the fertilized egg (zygote) begins to share. Every day their number is doubled. Divided egg cell, transformed into a fetal egg, moves through the fallopian tubes and striving to achieve the ultimate goal of his journey get into the uterus and find here a comfortable “home”. On the seventh day the trip is over: the egg membranes as they are screwed into the uterine lining are plunging deeper and deeper. This process is called implantation.

The first critical period
It begins with the seventh day of pregnancy and lasts one to two weeks, until the egg is fixed in the membranes lining of the uterus. At this super-early period, mother’s organism may refuse to take the embryo. This may happen, for example, due to mucosal injury caused by the recent abortion because of severe stress, heavy exercise, under the influence of adverse external factors (taking certain medications), fetal genetic abnormalities, etc.

Like a grape core
If implantation is successful, the tiny embryo begins to grow rapidly. Fetal egg is covered with villus, they extract from the mother’s blood necessary food for future baby. Later villus remain only on the side of the egg membranes, which is directly adjacent to the uterine wall. Here villus grows, formed by the placenta (afterbirth), connected with the fetus umbilical cord. This is a major organ, which also belongs to a mother and an unborn child.

Fetus receives nutrients and oxygen through the placenta, get rid of their waste. In addition, this body provides immune protection, missing maternal antibodies to the child. And finally, the placenta synthesizes hormones.

At the same time the so-called germinal layers of which will be formed all the organs and tissues of the child are formed. From the outside – the nervous system, cells of sensory organs, skin, hair, nails, from the middle – the heart, internal organs, bones, blood vessels, muscle system, sex glands, from the inner – the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory, digestive and endocrine glands .

In the second week the embryo’s heart is stating to develop. By the end of the first month the embryo forms a neuraltube, begins to form the main internal organs, and is surrounded by amniotic fluid and three shells. There are all conditions for the future child to grow and develop normally.
Do not risk and win

During early pregnancy, rubella virus, which causes fetal heart, sight and hearing disease is particularly dangerous for the child. Therefore, if you have not been ill with rubella or been vaccinated against it, you need to pass a blood test as soon as possible. If you find that you do not have immunity against rubella, you’d better avoid communicating with children who has not been ill or they have not done vaccinations. Especially be careful in spring and autumn, when the infection is most active.

Severe malformations of the unborn child can cause infectious diseases, sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia, ureplazmoz, mycoplasmosis) and TORCH-infections: Toxoplasma, herpes virus, cytomegalovirus.

In our country, these viruses infected almost two-thirds of the population, but if the immunity is not weakened, the body suppresses them. Do a survey of these infections. Ideally, this should be before pregnancy. Do not delay it! In order to prevent relapse, strengthen immunity with the help of special therapy.

You can find everything in women handbags … It’s amazing how women manage to fit it all there and above all – at the right time to quickly find the right thing? Contents of bags can sometimes tell a lot about its owner: character, likes and dislikes and where she works. But if you find certain items, documents and pills you’ll guess, that this woman is going to become a mother.

Your documents?

Before being pregnant you had no documents in your purse, but now you must carry them with you. First and foremost it is the passport and medical insurances. After visiting various medical facilities you will need them quite often, and without these documents even simple maintenance inspection, treatment and testing can be very problematic.

Future mother needs another very important document; it is practically a secondpassport – pregnancy card. In general this card is given by the doctor in the maternity clinic at the end of the second trimester of pregnancy, but no later than 32 weeks. This includes all the data on pregnancy, experiences of illness, the results of tests and surveys, as well as other important information. Future mothers should always carry it with them. If at the time of hospitalization you won’t have it with you, then you automatically find yourself at risk, and therefore you have to give birth in the infectious disease ward of a maternity home or infectious disease hospital. After all, doctors have no data about your health, which means that you have a potential risk of infectious contamination to other maternal and newborn. But the most important thing is not to exchange cards as in this case in the first place you’ll put yourself and your baby at risk, because the doctor uses the vital information about you – the blood group, possible allergic reactions, chronic diseases, etc. That’s why you should care and gently apply to this document, each time you visit prenatal, bring pregnancy card to your doctor to make the new data and, of course, always carry it with you.

At the pharmacy
If you are undergoing a treatment, do not forget to put in your bag pills appointed by your doctor. If you are faced with such unpleasant forms of pregnancy such as toxemia heartburn, be sure to keep close at hand the means by which you can alleviate their condition.

Remember any change in your health during pregnancy – is an occasion to refer to a doctor.

Try also to have crackers, nuts, apples, dried fruit, mint candy – light snacks, along with mint chewing gum in many ways helps to cope with bouts of nausea. If you are still unable to prevent vomiting (especially occurs when the long trip to a stuffy transport), the practical future mother must have a special plastic bag.

While leaving the house, take with you a small bottle of water, so at any time, you can easily quench your thirst or drink the medicine, sprinkle the face and neck, if you felt sick, stuffy or hot. By the way, you can freshen up, dispersing on the skin moisturizing spray with thermal water (sold in pharmacies). Unlike ordinary water, this water is “alive”: it is collected from the natural hot springs, rich in mineral salts and trace elements. Spray not only quickly gives a feeling of comfort, but also takes care for the skin, relieves dryness, swelling and irritation (exactly what you want future mothers need). It absorbs quickly (no need to wipe off) and does not spoil the makeup (it can be safely applied to the powder and tonal cream). The balloon volume of 150-300 ml is convenient to carry and use on the road, in the clinic, walk or at work.

Lady’s “tricks”
Of course, in your purse there is a handkerchief or disposable paper napkins and wet wipes. “Sanitation minimum” can be supplemented with disposable coverings for the toilet. It’s no secret a pregnant woman often has to go to the toilet.

In future mother’s handbag there is a corner for cosmetics. Someone carries only a lipstick and powder-boxes, which is mostly used as a mirror, someone a palette of shadows and blush, mascara, creams, perfumes, etc. The main thing is that you are already beautiful being pregnant. But even if you do not use decorative cosmetics, you will probably need lip balm and hand cream, especially in windy weather. Do not interfere with a small bottle of deodorant (be careful with the scents) and a hairbrush.

Some useful trifles…
Place a notebook and pen in the bag. Now you do not need to keep in mind a shopping list.

In the shopping trip (especially to the markets) you can take a calculator. By the way, it is good always to have an “emergency reserve” of money on taxis.

And of course, all expectant mothers carry in their handbags a magazine or a book related to pregnancy, childbirth, children.